.notdef
NULL
CR
space
0
Alpha
Alpha
Normal.
[135]
1
Alpha.1
Alpha.1
Broken crossbar.
[27]
[48]
[57]
2
Alpha.2
Alpha.2
Crossbar climbs from end of left leg to middle of right.
[15]
[29]
[44]
[63]
[84]
[130]
[148]
3
Alpha.3
Alpha.3
Mirror image of, and not as common as Alpha.2.
[24]
4
Alpha.4
Alpha.4
Cursive, capped by small horizontal line pointing left.
[2:246]
5
Alpha.5
Alpha.5
Looped.
[133]
in ligature
[153]
Legacy character from older font, to assist ligation with letters with a straight
left side.
6
Alpha.6
Alpha.6
Left leg vertical, crossbar climbs from bottom of left leg to middle of right,
top capped by horizontal line pointing right.
[131]
7
Alpha.7
Alpha.7
Left leg curved, meets right leg short of top, which is capped by horizontal
line pointing left. Crossbar ascends from midpoint of left leg to midpoint of right.
[128bis]
8
Alpha.8
Alpha.8
As Alpha.4, with capping horizontal bar pointing right.
[2:246]
9
Alpha.9
Alpha.9
As normal Alpha, but with crossbar extending beyond legs.
[4.2:519]
10
Alpha.10
Alpha.10
As Alpha.9, with capping horizontal bar centered and with
crossbar extending beyond legs.
[p. 64]
11
Alpha.11
Alpha.11
As Alpha.2, but capped.
[1:47.1]
[132]
12
Alpha.12
Alpha.12
Left leg loops at top, disconnected from right leg.
[4.2:650]
Coininscr has a duplicate, at U+0081, reserved as a control character
13
Alpha.13
Alpha.13
Right leg vertical; left leg vertical at bottom, then arcs at top to meet right
leg.
14
Alpha.14
Alpha.14
As Alpha.10, but capping bar sits only on left.
15
Alpha.15
Alpha.15
Right leg vertical; left leg curved; right and left legs joined by long capping
horizontal bar.
[5.1:97]
16
Alpha.16
Alpha.16
Crossbar dangles parallel to left leg.
[2.1:42]
17
Alpha.17
Alpha.17
Cursive. Right leg slants upward to left. Small, lower loop.
[3.1:186]
18
Alpha.18
Alpha.18
[3.1:186]
[3.2:669]
19
Alpha.19
Alpha.19
As normal Alpha, without crossbar, and a central stem
extending from apex to baseline.
[3.1:186]
[3.2:553]
20
Alpha.20
Alpha.20
As Alpha.1, but with upper horizontal bar.
[1:170 no. 308]
21
Alpha.21
Alpha.21
As normal Lambda.
[1:190 etc.]
22
Alpha.22
Alpha.22
As normal Alpha, upside down.
[p. 130 no. 36]
23
Alpha.23
Alpha.23
As Alpha.2, upside down.
[2.2:448–49, pl. 26 no. 66b3]
24
Alpha.24
Alpha.24
As Alpha.11, reversed.
[5.1:97]
25
Alpha.25
Alpha.25
As normal Alpha, but with cap starting at apex and going
left.
[4.2: pl. 50 no. 12.1]
26
Alpha.26
Alpha.26
As Lambda.7
[266]
27
Alpha.27
Alpha.27
Reversed form of Alpha.25
[2:246]
0
Beta
Beta
Familiar.
[22]
[31]
[48]
[138]
[145]
[3.1:187]
1
Beta.1
Beta.1
Two-legged.
[53]
[102]
2
Beta.2
Beta.2
As Beta, reversed.
[4.2:580]
[5.1:165]
[5.2:108]
3
Beta.3
Beta.3
As Beta, but with capping horizontal bar extending left.
4
Beta.4
Beta.4
As B.1.
CoinInscr glyph was meant for Old Bulgarian.
5
Beta.5
Beta.5
As Beta, but on its side, a so-called lazy B.
[p. 29]
6
Beta.6
Beta.6
Loops, of same size, do not meet.
[5.1:97]
[5.2: no. 596]
[5.2: no. 618]
7
Beta.7
Beta.7
As Beta.6, but loops are square.
[5.1:97]
8
Beta.8
Beta.8
As Beta but with triangles for loops.
9
Beta.9
Beta.9
Reversed form of of Beta.7
[5.2:1229]
10
Beta.10
Beta.10
Reversed form of Beta.6
[5.2:244]
[5.2:596]
[5.2:618]
0
Gamma
Gamma
Familiar.
[6]
[21]
[27]
[47]
[86]
[134]
[146]
1
Gamma.1
Gamma.1
As Gamma, reversed.
2
Gamma.2
Gamma.2
As S.
[3.1:187]
[3.1:326]
[3.1:328]
[1.1: pl. 49]
3
Gamma.3
Gamma.3
As Gamma but with short downward stroke at end of
crossbar.
[5.1:97]
0
Delta
Delta
Familiar.
[6]
[23]
[91]
[135]
[148]
[1:39.1]
1
Delta.1
Delta.1
Extended base.
[32]
[44]
[110]
2
Delta.2
Delta.2
Familiar with horizontal hat crossbar ascending to right.
[132]
3
Delta.3
Delta.3
Short triangle; right leg extends to top in an arc.
4
Delta.4
Delta.4
As Delta.2, reversed.
5
Delta.5
Delta.5
Capped by centered horizontal bar; base raised, parallel to baseline, extending
beyond legs. Resembles Alpha.9.
[74]
[73b]
[3:52-53]
6
Delta.6
Delta.6
Right leg vertical; left leg arced; capped by horizontal bar pointing left.
[135]
7
Delta.7
Delta.7
As Delta, with capping horizontal bar extending left.
8
Delta.8
Delta.8
As D.1.
[3.1:187 plus variants at 3.1:375 and pl. xviii nos. 1-3 rev.]
9
Delta.9
Delta.9
As Alpha.9.
[5.1:98]
10
Delta.10
Delta.10
11
Delta.11
Delta.11
Reversed form of Delta.8.
12
Delta.12
Delta.12
Reversed form of Delta.10.
13
Delta.13
Delta.13
Combination of Delta.1 and
Delta.7
[4.2: 562 no. 12 + plate xl]
0
Epsilon
Epsilon
Round, midbar medium length.
[6]
[10]
[29]
[44]
[63]
[84]
[110]
[130]
1
Epsilon.1
Epsilon.1
Round, midbar short.
[149]
2
Epsilon.2
Epsilon.2
Round, midbar long.
[26]
[146]
[1:5.2]
[2:52.4]
3
Epsilon.3
Epsilon.3
Square, all bars even length. Found esp. in ligatures.
[161]
[1:14.5]
4
Epsilon.4
Epsilon.4
As Epsilon, reversed.
5
Epsilon.5
Epsilon.5
Reversed form of Epsilon.3.
[no. S41]
6
Epsilon.6
Epsilon.6
As Epsilon but with middle stem in form of
cross.
[no. S41]
0
Zeta
Zeta
Familiar.
[27]
[48]
[6]
[79]
[123]
1
Zeta.1
Zeta.1
Reversed.
[101]
[5:15]
2
Zeta.2
Zeta.2
Cursive, three strokes.
[151]
3
Zeta.3
Zeta.3
Cursive, four strokes, like Xi.2. Often pushed against
other letters.
[148]
0
Eta
Eta
Familiar.
[6]
[21]
[29]
[47]
[63]
[79]
[121]
[139]
[146]
1
Eta.1
Eta.1
As H.1.
[3.1:187]
0
Theta
Theta
Familiar, but with bar touching sides.
[21]
[29]
[46]
[84]
[110]
[135]
[145]
1
Theta.1
Theta.1
As Theta but with cross inside. Control mark
[3.1:187]
[3.1:349 no. 1a.1, pl. vx]
[3.1:355 no. 1a, pl. vx]
2
Theta.2
Theta.2
As Theta but with crossbar that extends beyond loop on
both left and right sides.
[5:1503-4]
[no. 1O9OA, plate 219]
3
Theta.3
Theta.3
As Theta but with decorative hatch in the crossbar (forms
a tiny cross in the center of the loop).
[no. S41]
4
Theta.4
Theta.4
Diamond shaped, with crossbar extending outside on both sides.
[p. 153 table 7]
0
Iota
Iota
Familiar.
[6]
[15]
[29]
[45]
[63]
[81]
[130]
[146]
1
Iota.1
Iota.1
As Iota but with diaresis marks.
[4.2:477]
[4.2:587 no. 13.2, pl. xlii]
0
Kappa
Kappa
Familiar.
[14]
[29]
[44]
1
Kappa.1
Kappa.1
Curved legs, terminating in bars.
[91]
[126]
[135]
2
Kappa.2
Kappa.2
As Kappa, but backwards.
3
Kappa.3
Kappa.3
As Sigma.
[3.1:187]
0
Lambda
Lambda
Familiar.
[21]
[30]
[47]
[56]
[81]
[115]
[149]
1
Lambda.1
Lambda.1
Curved left leg, vertical right leg, horizontal bar on top.
[131]
2
Lambda.2
Lambda.2
Left leg double stroked; bar on top extends fully to left.
3
Lambda.3
Lambda.3
Looks like reversed lowercase lambda.
[2.1:211]
4
Lambda.4
Lambda.4
As L.
[3.1:187]
5
Lambda.5
Lambda.5
As Lambda.3, reversed.
[5.1:98]
6
Lambda.6
Lambda.6
As Lambda but with cap starting at apex and going
left.
[266]
0
Mu
Mu
Familiar.
[6]
[21]
[33]
[46]
[131]
1
Mu.1
Mu.1
Oblique bars meet at x-height, where a vertical bar extends to baseline.
[86]
[136]
[1:18.7d]
2
Mu.2
Mu.2
Like an Eta with a vertical bar hanging from the
crossbar’s midpoint.
[134]
[4:39]
3
Mu.3
Mu.3
As M.2.
[3.1:187]
4
Mu.4
Mu.4
As M.4.
[3.1:187]
5
Mu.5
Mu.5
As Mu.2, but middle leg extends the same length as the
other two.
[5.1:98]
6
Mu.6
Mu.6
As Mu.5, but horizontal bar is at the top of the
letter.
[5.1:98]
7
Mu.7
Mu.7
As M.3
[2]
0
Nu
Nu
Familiar. Common throughout all periods, albeit with different crossbar heights
(no known implications for dating).
[15]
[30]
[45]
[56]
[83]
[115]
[131]
[146]
1
Nu.1
Nu.1
As Nu, reversed.
[141]
[149]
[3:50, no. 15]
2
Nu.2
Nu.2
As N.2.
[3.1:187]
3
Nu.3
Nu.3
As Eta.
[5.1:98]
4
Nu.4
Nu.4
As Nu, but with crossbar joining vertical legs at quarter
point.
[42-44]
5
Nu.5
Nu.5
As Nu but with sinusoidal crossbar.
[5.2: pl. 40 nos. 694-98]
0
Xi
Xi
Familiar.
[6]
[84]
[1:157 no. 274.1–12]
1
Xi.1
Xi.1
Central part of letter formed by curls at end of stems intended to form a
circle.
[84]
[2:74]
2
Xi.2
Xi.2
Cursive form, like Zeta.3.
[139]
[144]
3
Xi.3
Xi.3
As Xi.2, reversed.
[4:125]
4
Xi.4
Xi.4
Like an I with full upper and lower bars.
[3.1:188]
[3.2:763 and p. 43]
5
Xi.5
Xi.5
Intersecting Sigma and Sigma.1.
[p. 7]
6
Xi.6
Xi.6
Two parallel bars, one at cap height, the other at baseline.
[71]
[4.1:409]
7
Xi.7
Xi.7
As Xi, but middle bar equals length of other
bars.
[1:56, pl. xi no. 58]
8
Xi.8
Xi.8
As Xi.7, but attaching bars fit at endpoints of horizontal
bars.
[1:286]
9
Xi.9
Xi.9
As Zeta.
[4.1:204]
10
Xi.10
Xi.10
As Zeta.1.
[4.1:204]
11
Xi.11
Xi.11
As Xi.6 with a circle between the two bars.
[3.2:516 + pl. 35 nos. 6.18, 6.21]
[p. 162]
Omicron
Omicron
Familiar.
[6]
[21]
[29]
[46]
[67]
[84]
[126]
[135]
[145]
0
Pi
Pi
Crossbar terminates precisely at juncture with each leg.
[18]
[37]
[45]
[63]
[84]
[115]
[132]
[152]
1
Pi.1
Pi.1
As Pi, but crossbar extends on each side.
[5.1:98]
0
Rho
Rho
Familiar.
[15]
[27]
[46]
[72]
[88]
[131]
[146]
[p. 270]
1
Rho.1
Rho.1
Serif on top.
[46]
2
Rho.2
Rho.2
As Rho, reversed.
3
Rho.3
Rho.3
As Rho, but bottom half of stem angles
right.
[1:381]
0
Sigma
Sigma
Lunate.
[30]
[45]
[63]
[84]
[123]
[132]
[146]
1
Sigma.1
Sigma.1
As Sigma, reversed.
2
Sigma.2
Sigma.2
Square.
[42]
3
Sigma.3
Sigma.3
As Sigma, reversed.
4
Sigma.4
Sigma.4
Swooped, with very little curve, going from bottom left to top
right.
[280]
Tau
Tau
Familiar.
[15]
[31]
[46]
[60]
[81]
[115]
[139]
[146]
0
Upsilon
Upsilon
Like V.
[29]
[63]
[86]
[132]
[145]
1
Upsilon.1
Upsilon.1
As Y.
[1:32 no. 47a]
2
Upsilon.2
Upsilon.2
As U.2.
[3.1:188]
3
Upsilon.3
Upsilon.3
As U.
[5.1:98]
0
Phi
Phi
Familiar.
[24]
[27]
[86]
[126]
[136]
[146]
[1:37.8]
[1:44.5]
1
Phi.1
Phi.1
Vertical bar intersecting infinity sign.
[53]
2
Phi.2
Phi.2
Vertical bar with pellets on either side.
3
Phi.3
Phi.3
Circle pierced symmetrically by vertical line.
4
Phi.4
Phi.4
Cursive, open looped. Used previously as a Bulgarian ligature.
[4.2:641]
Chi
Chi
Familiar.
[23]
[30]
[51]
[88]
[137]
[142]
[148]
0
Psi
Psi
Familiar.
[31]
[4:39]
1
Psi.1
Psi.1
Topmost arms terminate in pellets.
[4.2:477]
0
Omega
Omega
Bottom formed by curves.
[23]
[24]
[27]
[45]
[56]
[79]
[115]
[136]
[148]
1
Omega.1
Omega.1
Single curve divided by vertical stem that extends to x-height or shorter.
[131]
CoinInscr glyph was intended for Old Bulgarian.
2
Omega.2
Omega.2
Two omicrons joined side by side.
[141]
[153]
3
Omega.3
Omega.3
With two open loops and stem extending to x-height or just above.
[110]
4
Omega.4
Omega.4
Cup-shaped, like a shallow U.
[5.1:98]
[5.2:1199]
5
Omega.5
Omega.5
As Omega.3 but with middle stem as a cross.
[no. S1]
[no. S41]
6
Omega.6
Omega.6
Bottom looped such that the middle stem creates a concave loop similar to the
left and right loops.
[2913]
[270]
0
Stigma
uni03DA
Greek numeral six.
[1:143 no. 216a]
[2.1:106–7]
[158–60]
1
Stigma.1
Stigma.1
Like S. Represents the number 6.
[58]
[2.2:422 no. 5c]
2
Stigma.2
Stigma.2
As Stigma.1, reversed (as
S.2).
0
Koppa
uni03D8
Archaic Koppa.
1
Koppa.1
uni03D8.1
As modern qoppa (zigzag).
2
Koppa.2
uni03D8.2
As Stigma.
[no. 33]
[no. 60]
[no. 78]
0
Sampi
uni03E0
Familiar.
[no. 87]
1
Sampi.1
uni03E0.1
As Alpha.19.
[287]
[319]
[332]
[342]
2
Sampi.2
uni03E0.2
As Alpha.16.
Kyathos
U10182
As Kappa with short slash through bottom right
leg.
[private correspondence]
0
Alpha_Beta
Alpha_Beta
Represents ΑΒ.
1
Alpha_Beta.1
Alpha_Beta.1
As Alpha.4 and Beta.
[5.1:138]
Alpha_Kappa
Alpha_Kappa
Represents ΑΚ. Uses Alpha.5.
[153]
Alpha_Lambda
Alpha_Lambda
Represents ΑΛ. Looks like an M made of two inverted Vs.
[xviii]
Alpha_Nu
Alpha_Nu
Represents ΑΝ. Uses Alpha.5.
[133]
[153]
0
Alpha_Rho
Alpha_Rho
Represents ΑΡ. Uses Alpha.5.
[137]
[153]
1
Alpha_Rho.1
Alpha_Rho.1
Alpha_Chi
Alpha_Chi
Represents μοναχ-. Formed from a base Alpha and a
superscript combining Chi.
[102]
Beta_Kappa
Beta_Kappa
Represents ΒΚ.
[5.1:140]
[5.2:500]
Gamma_Iota
Gamma_Iota
Represents ΓΙ.
[149]
Gamma_Kappa
Gamma_Kappa
Represents ΓΚ (Greek 23).
[2.1:113]
Gamma_Mu
Gamma_Mu
Represents ΓΜ.
[5.1:139]
Gamma_Rho
Gamma_Rho
Represents ΓΡ.
[136]
[3:16]
0
Gamma_Rho_Omega
Gamma_Rho_Omega
Represents ΓΩΡ.
[xviiii]
1
Gamma_Rho_Omega.1
Gamma_Rho_Omega.1
As Gamma_Rho_Omega, but with double-arced omega, as in
Gamma_Omega.
[5.2: class viii]
Gamma_Omega
Gamma_Omega
Represents ΓΩ.
Delta_Delta
Delta_Delta
Represents κανδιδᾶτος.
[83]
[1:1.24]
Delta_Eta
Delta_Eta
Represents ΔΗ.
[131]
Delta_Upsilon
Delta_Upsilon
Represents ΔΥ (often for Demetrios, itacized).
[5.1:99]
Epsilon_Iota
Epsilon_Iota
Represents ΕΙ.
[130]
Epsilon_Upsilon
Epsilon_Upsilon
Representes ΕΥ.
[5.1:208]
[5.2:1236-40]
Eta_Beta
Eta_Beta
Represents ΗΒ.
Eta_Gamma
Eta_Gamma
[2:8.41]
[2:8.50]
Eta_Kappa
Eta_Kappa
Represents ΗΚ.
[2.1:52]
Eta_Lambda
Eta_Lambda
Represents ΗΛ.
Eta_Mu
Eta_Mu
Represents ΗΜ.
[144]
Eta_Nu
Eta_Nu
Represents ΗΝ.
[117]
[130]
0
Eta_Rho
Eta_Rho
Represents ΗΡ.
[127]
1
Eta_Rho.1
Eta_Rho.1
Represents Ἡράκλειος.
[2.1:110, table 2]
Heraclius e left
2
Eta_Rho.2
Eta_Rho.2
As no. 2, but without crossbar, and with small tail prepending from bottom
right of top loop.
[2.1:331]
Eta_Rho_Sigma
Eta_Rho_Sigma
As Eta_Rho.1, but with hook on left end of
crossbar.
[2.1:383]
Eta_Sigma
Eta_Sigma
Represents ΗΣ. Use Sigma.
[147]
Eta_Tau
Eta_Tau
[2:34.3]
Theta_Kappa
Theta_Kappa
Represents ΘΚ.
Iota_Alpha
Iota_Alpha
Represents ΙΑ (numeral for 11). As Alpha.2 with iota fused
at apex.
[2.1:106]
Iota_Beta
Iota_Beta
Represents ΙΒ (numeral for 12). Beta with iota fused at
apex.
[2.1:106]
Iota_Omega
Iota_Omega
Represents ΙΩ (privy mark). Flat omega, similar to that found in the ΨΩ
ligature below.
[2.1:106]
0
Kappa_Alpha_Iota
Kappa_Alpha_Iota
Represents ΚΑΙ. Like S.
[21]
[33]
[42]
[46]
[2:81]
1
Kappa_Alpha_Iota.1
Kappa_Alpha_Iota.1
As above, but backwards.
[1:18.12]
0
Kappa_Gamma
Kappa_Gamma
Represents ΚΓ.
[5.1:218]
1
Kappa_Gamma.1
Kappa_Gamma.1
As Kappa_Gamma, reversed.
[5.1:218]
Kappa_Delta
Kappa_Delta
Represents ΚΔ.
0
Kappa_Phi
Kappa_Phi
Represents ΚΦ.
[5.1:140]
1
Kappa_Phi.1
Kappa_Phi.1
As Kappa_Phi, but phi at top of kappa.
[5.1:218]
Kappa_Omega_Tau
Kappa_Omega_Tau
Represents Κω(νσταν)τ(ίνος).
[2.1:107 and 111, table 2]
Constans II b
[p. 23]
Lambda_Eta
Lambda_Eta
Represents ΛΗ. Lambda, modified so leg shared by the
letters remains vertical.
[145]
0
Lambda_Iota
Lambda_Iota
As Alpha.19.
[p. 8]
Abbreviation for pound (λίβρα).
1
Lambda_Iota.1
Lambda_Iota.1
As Lamba_Iota, but the middle stem does not connect at
top.
[152]
2
Lambda_Iota.2
Lambda_Iota.2
As Alpha.16.
[152]
3
Lambda_Iota.3
Lambda_Iota.3
As Lambda_Iota.2, reversed.
[152]
4
Lambda_Iota.4
Lambda_Iota.4
[46, p. 30]
5
Lambda_Iota.5
Lambda_Iota.5
As Lambda_Iota, but the middle leg is as long as the other
two legs; adjust design so that character fits between cap height and
baseline.
[no. 47]
[no. 48]
[no. 51]
6
Lambda_Iota.6
Lambda_Iota.6
Resembles arrow pointing upward.
[no. 50]
[p. 35]
Mu_Alpha
Mu_Alpha
Represents ΜΑ. Shared leg remains vertical.
[151]
0
Mu_Gamma
Mu_Gamma
Represents μεγα-. Uses Mu.
[86]
[1:1.30]
As with many of these ligatures, Athena used two keys.
1
Mu_Gamma.1
Mu_Gamma.1
Uses Mu.2.
0
Mu_Epsilon
Mu_Epsilon
Represents ΜΕ. Uses Mu and default
Epsilon.
[147]
1
Mu_Epsilon.1
Mu_Epsilon.1
Represents ΜΕ. Uses Mu and Epsilon.3.
0
Mu_Eta
Mu_Eta
Represents ΜΗ. Uses Mu.
[51]
[138]
[147]
1
Mu_Eta.1
Mu_Eta.1
Uses Mu.2.
[153]
0
Mu_Eta_Rho
Mu_Eta_Rho
Represents μήτηρ. Uses Mu.
[121]
[143]
[146]
1
Mu_Eta_Rho.1
Mu_Eta_Rho.1
As Mu_Eta_Rho, reversed.
[344]
2
Mu_Eta_Rho.2
Mu_Eta_Rho.2
Uses Gk Mu.2.
[137]
0
Mu_Mu
Mu_Mu
Represents ΜΜ. Uses Mu.
[27]
[146]
1
Mu_Mu.1
Mu_Mu.1
Uses Gk Mu.2.
Mu_Nu
Mu_Nu
Represents ΜΝ.
[132]
[3:141]
Mu_Nu_Eta
Mu_Nu_Eta
Represents ΜΝΗ.
[xviii]
Mu_Nu_Eta_Nu
Mu_Nu_Eta_Nu
Represents ΜΝΗΝ.
[xviii]
0
Mu_Rho
Mu_Rho
Represents Μήτηρ (sc. Θεοῦ). Uses Mu.
[xviii]
1
Mu_Rho.1
Mu_Rho.1
Uses Mu.2.
Mu_Tau
Mu_Tau
Represents μαρτυρ-.
[86]
Athena used two keys.
Nu_Gamma
Nu_Gamma
Represents ΝΓ.
[127]
Nu_Gamma_Rho
Nu_Gamma_Rho
Like a synthesis of Nu_Gamma and
Gamma_Rho.
[273]
Nu_Delta
Nu_Delta
Represents ΝΔ.
Nu_Epsilon
Nu_Epsilon
Represents ΝΕ. Uses Epsilon.
[147]
Nu_Eta
Nu_Eta
Represents ΝΗ.
[148]
[1:5.6]
Nu_Eta_Nu
Nu_Eta_Nu
Represents ΝΗΝ.
[130]
Nu_Kappa
Nu_Kappa
Represents ΝΚ.
[2:2.13]
0
Nu_Mu
Nu_Mu
Mu.2
[personal correspondence]
[Theod 606]
1
Nu_Mu.1
Nu_Mu.1
Default Mu
0
Nu_Nu
Nu_Nu
Familiar. Represents ΝΝ.
[123]
1
Nu_Nu.1
Nu_Nu.1
As Nu_Nu, reversed.
[3:50, no. 15]
Nu_Nu_Eta
Nu_Nu_Eta
Represents ΝΝΗ.
[148]
Nu_Omicron
Nu_Omicron
Represents ΝΟ.
[147]
Nu_Rho
Nu_Rho
Represents ΝΡ.
0
Omicron_Alpha
Omicron_Alpha
Represents ὁ ἅγιος.
1
Omicron_Alpha.1
Omicron_Alpha.1
As Omicron_Alpha, but with
Alpha.2.
[35]
2
Omicron_Alpha.2
Omicron_Alpha.2
As Omicron_Alpha, but with Alpha.3.
3
Omicron_Alpha.3
Omicron_Alpha.3
As Omicron_Alpha, but crossbar of alpha dangles parallel
to right leg.
4
Omicron_Alpha.4
Omicron_Alpha.4
As Omicron_Alpha, but pellet centered in omicron.
5
Omicron_Alpha.5
Omicron_Alpha.5
As Omicron_Alpha, but with delta-shaped alpha.
[xviii]
6
Omicron_Alpha.6
Omicron_Alpha.6
As Omicron_Alpha, but with lambda-shaped alpha.
0
Omicron_Upsilon
Omicron_Upsilon
Represents ΟΥ. Small omicron topped by V.
[121]
1
Omicron_Upsilon.1
Omicron_Upsilon.1
Horseshoe shaped: U with crossbar.
[86]
[115]
2
Omicron_Upsilon.2
Omicron_Upsilon.2
As Omicron_Upsilon, but ribbon shaped.
[2.1:110]
3
Omicron_Upsilon.3
Omicron_Upsilon.3
As Omicron_Upsilon.2, but loop is diamond
shaped.
[23]
Appears principally in weights.
4
Omicron_Upsilon.4
Omicron_Upsilon.4
Omicron_Upsilon.2 upside-down.
5
Omicron_Upsilon.5
Omicron_Upsilon.5
Omicron_Upsilon.3 upside-down.
Pi_Alpha
Pi_Alpha
Represents ΠΑ. Shared leg remains vertical.
[145]
Pi_Eta
Pi_Eta
Represents ΠΗ.
[149]
[3:51]
Pi_Eta_Tau
Pi_Eta_Tau
Represents ΠΗΤ.
Pi_Pi
Pi_Pi
Represents Ἱπποδρόμου.
[1:43.5]
0
Pi_Rho
Pi_Rho
Represents ΠΡ.
[130]
[145]
[3:52]
1
Pi_Rho.1
Pi_Rho.1
As Pi_Rho, reversed.
Rho_Phi
Rho_Phi
Represents ΡΦ.
0
Rho_Omega
Rho_Omega
Represents ΡΩ.
[8]
1
Rho_Omega.1
Rho_Omega.1
As Rho_Omega, reversed.
2
Rho_Omega.2
Rho_Omega.2
As Rho_Omega.1 but with crossbar.
[p. 42]
3
Rho_Omega.3
Rho_Omega.3
As Rho_Omega.2, reversed.
[p. 45]
Sigma_Omicron
Sigma_Omicron
Represents ΣΟ.
Sigma_Pi
Sigma_Pi
Represents ΣΠ. Uses Sigma, raised, with
Pi attached to end of arc at top left corner.
[5.1:216]
0
Sigma_Tau
Sigma_Tau
Represents ΣΤ.
[125]
[133]
[145]
[35]
1
Sigma_Tau.1
Sigma_Tau.1
Raised Sigma, with hanging vertical tail.
[5.1:99]
Sigma_Tau_Iota
Sigma_Tau_Iota
Represents ΣΤΙ. Made from Sigma_Tau with iota attached at
right.
[5.1:99]
Tau_Zeta
Tau_Zeta
[Theod 1086b]
0
Tau_Eta
Tau_Eta
Represents ΤΗ. Small eta.
[135]
[3:52]
1
Tau_Eta.1
Tau_Eta.1
Larger eta.
[xviii]
Tau_Omicron
Tau_Omicron
Represents ΤΟ. Tau sits atop omicron.
[7:142]
Tau_Omicron_Upsilon
Tau_Omicron_Upsilon
Represents του-.
0
Tau_Rho
Tau_Rho
Represents ΤΡ.
[144]
[148]
1
Tau_Rho.1
Tau_Rho.1
As Tau_Rho, reversed.
Tau_Rho_Eta
Tau_Rho_Eta
Like a combination of Tau_Rho and
Tau_Eta ligatures.
[5.1:99]
0
Tau_Omega
Tau_Omega
Represents ΤΩ.
[140]
[8]
[5:15]
1
Tau_Omega.1
Tau_Omega.1
As Tau_omega, but tau shaped as cross and omage a single
arc.
[pp. 61–63]
2
Tau_Omega.2
Tau_Omega.2
As Tau_Omega, but with bottom like
Tau_Omega.1.
[xviii]
Phi_Theta
Phi_Theta
Represents ΦΘ.
[4.1:395]
0
Phi_Omega
Phi_Omega
Represents ΦΩ.
[140]
1
Phi_Omega.1
Phi_Omega.1
As Phi_Omega but with flat omega.
[xviii]
0
Chi_Rho
Chi_Rho
Christogram. Represents Χρ(υσοτρικλίνου) or Χρ(ιστός).
[81]
Encode also as 2627?
1
Chi_Rho.1
Chi_Rho.1
Simplified form.
[1:8 no. 9.3]
2
Chi_Rho.2
Chi_Rho.2
As Chi_Rho, reversed.
[1:208 no. 31]
3
Chi_Rho.3
Chi_Rho.3
As Chi_Rho.1, reversed.
[1:8 no. 8.1]
Psi_Omega
Psi_Omega
Represents ΨΩ. The three legs of the psi seem to grow out of the omega’s center
stem.
[5:37.2]
Omega_Nu
Omega_Nu
Represents ΩΝ.
[145]
0
Omega_Rho
Omega_Rho
Represents ΩΡ. Rho grows out of omega’s stem.
[86]
1
Omega_Rho.1
Omega_Rho.1
As Omega_Rho but with flat omega.
[xviii]
2
Omega_Rho.2
Omega_Rho.2
Omega.3 plus Rho.
[4.1:359 no. 2.1]
CrossGrk_Phi
uni271A_Phi
As uniE809 with Phi
[2.1:122]
CrossGrk_Omega
uni271A_Omega
As uniE809 with flat omega (like
Iota_Omega)
[2.1:122]
Alphacomb
uniE500
Unicode candidate?
Betacomb
uniE501
Unicode candidate?
Gammacomb
uniE502
Unicode candidate?
Deltacomb
uniE503
Unicode candidate?
Epsiloncomb
uniE504
Unicode candidate?
Zetacomb
uniE505
Unicode candidate?
Etacomb
uniE506
Unicode candidate?
Thetacomb
uniE507
Unicode candidate?
Iotacomb
uniE508
Unicode candidate?
Kappacomb
uniE509
Unicode candidate?
Lambdacomb
uniE50A
Unicode candidate?
Mucomb
uniE50B
Unicode candidate?
Nucomb
uniE50C
Unicode candidate?
Xicomb
uniE50D
Unicode candidate?
Omicroncomb
uniE50E
Unicode candidate?
Picomb
uniE50F
Unicode candidate?
Rhocomb
uniE510
Unicode candidate?
Sigmacomb
uniE511
Unicode candidate?
Taucomb
uniE512
Unicode candidate?
Upsiloncomb
uniE513
Unicode candidate?
Phicomb
uniE514
Unicode candidate?
Chicomb
uniE515
Unicode candidate?
Psicomb
uniE516
Unicode candidate?
Omegacomb
uniE517
Unicode candidate?
OmicronUpsiloncomb
uniE518
Unicode candidate?
OmicronUpsiloncomb.1
uniE519
Unicode candidate?
psilicomb
uni0313
Smooth breathing. Appears at cap height, slightly to left of base character.
[115]
psili
uni1FBD
Smooth breathing. Appears at cap height, slightly to left of base character.
[115]
dasiacomb
uni0314
Appears at cap height, slightly to left of base character.
[139]
dasia
uni1FFE
Appears at cap height, slightly to left of base character.
[139]
oxiacomb
acutecomb
Appears at cap height, slightly to left of base character.
[115]
[142]
[148]
Variations were set up to accommodate different letters.
oxia
uni1FFD
Appears at cap height, slightly to left of base character.
[115]
[142]
[148]
Variations were set up to accommodate different letters. Left
positioning option for caps.
variacomb
gravecomb
Appears at cap height, left of base character.
[139]
[148]
varia
uni1FEF
Appears at cap height, left of base character.
[139]
[148]
perispomenicomb
uni0342
Appears at cap height, left of base character.
[142]
[148]
perispomeni
uni1FC0
Appears at cap height, left of base character.
[142]
[148]
macroncomb
uni0304
brevecomb
uni0306
dialytikacomb
dieresiscomb
Diaresis. Appears above cap height, directly above letter.
psilioxiacomb
uni0313_acutecomb
psilioxia
uni1FCE
Combination of characters above.
psilivariacomb
uni0313_gravecomb
psilivaria
uni1FCD
Combination of characters above.
psiliperispomenicomb
uni0313;0342
psiliperispomeni
uni1FCF
Combination of characters above.
dasiaoxiacomb
uni0314_acutecomb
dasiaoxia
uni1FDE
Combination of characters above.
dasiavariacomb
uni0314_gravecomb
dasiavaria
uni1FDD
Combination of characters above.
dasiaperispomenicomb
uni0314;0342
dasiaperispomeni
uni1FDF
Combination of characters above.
dialytikaoxiacomb
dieresiscomb_acutecomb
dialytikaoxia
uni1FEE
Combination of characters above.
Left positioning option for caps.
dialytikavariacomb
dieresiscomb_variacomb
dialytikavaria
uni1FED
Combination of characters above.
dialytikaperispomenicomb
dieresiscomb_uni0342
Alphapsili
uni1F08
Alphapsilioxia
uni1F0C
Alphapsilivaria
uni1F0A
Alphapsiliperispomeni
uni1F0E
Alphadasia
uni1F09
Alphadasiaoxia
uni1F0D
Alphadasiavaria
uni1F0B
Alphadasiaperispomeni
uni1F0F
Alphaoxia
uni1FBB
Alphavaria
uni1FBA
Alphaperispomeni
uni1FB6
Lowercase character only; case maps to Alpha + perispomenicomb
Alphamacron
uni1FB9
Alphabreve
uni1FB8
Epsilonpsili
uni1F18
Epsilonpsilioxia
uni1F1C
Epsilonpsilivaria
uni1F1A
Epsilondasia
uni1F19
Epsilondasiaoxia
uni1F1D
Epsilondasiavaria
uni1F1B
Epsilonoxia
uni1FC9
Epsilonvaria
uni1FC8
Etapsili
uni1F28
Etapsilioxia
uni1F2C
Etapsilivaria
uni1F2A
Etapsiliperispomeni
uni1F2E
Etadasia
uni1F29
Etadasiaoxia
uni1F2D
Etadasiavaria
uni1F2B
Etadasiaperispomeni
uni1F2F
Etaoxia
uni1FCB
Etavaria
uni1FCA
Etaperispomeni
uni1FC6
Lowercase character only; case maps to Eta + perispomenicomb
Iotapsili
uni1F38
Iotapsilioxia
uni1F3C
Iotapsilivaria
uni1F3A
Iotapsiliperispomeni
uni1F3E
Iotadasia
uni1F39
Iotadasiaoxia
uni1F3D
Iotadasiavaria
uni1F3B
Iotadasiaperispomeni
uni1F3F
Iotaoxia
uni1FDB
Iotavaria
uni1FDA
Iotaperispomeni
uni1FD6
Lowercase character only; case maps to Iota + perispomenicomb
Iotamacron
uni1FD9
Iotabreve
uni1FD8
Iotadialytika
uni03AA
Iotadialytikaoxia
uni1FD3
Iotadialytikavaria
uni1FD2
Iotadialytikaperispomeni
uni1FD7
Omicronpsili
uni1F48
Omicronpsilioxia
uni1F4C
Omicronpsilivaria
uni1F4A
Omicrondasia
uni1F49
Omicrondasiaoxia
uni1F4D
Omicrondasiavaria
uni1F4B
Omicronoxia
uni1FF9
Omicronvaria
uni1FF8
Rhopsili
uni1FE4
Lowercase character only; case maps to Rho + psilicomb
Rhodasia
uni1FEC
Upsilonpsili
uni1F50
Lowercase character only; case maps to Upsilon + psilicomb
Upsilonpsilioxia
uni1F54
Lowercase character only; case maps to Upsilon + psilicomb +oxiacomb
Upsilonpsilivaria
uni1F52
Lowercase character only; case maps to Upsilon + psilicomb +variacomb
Upsilonpsiliperispomeni
uni1F56
Lowercase character only; case maps to Upsilon + psilicomb +
perispomenicomb
Upsilondasia
uni1F59
Upsilondasiaoxia
uni1F5D
Upsilondasiavaria
uni1F5B
Upsilondasiaperispomeni
uni1F5F
Upsilonoxia
uni1FEB
Upsilonvaria
uni1FEA
Upsilonperispomeni
uni1FE6
Lowercase character only; case maps to Upsilon + perispomenicomb
Upsilonmacron
uni1FE9
Upsilonbreve
uni1FE8
Upsilondialytika
uni03AB
Upsilondialytikaoxia
uni1FE3
Upsilondialytikavaria
uni1FE2
Upsilondialytikaperispomeni
uni1FE7
Omegapsili
uni1F68
Omegapsilioxia
uni1F6C
Omegapsilivaria
uni1F6A
Omegapsiliperispomeni
uni1F6E
Omegadasia
uni1F69
Omegadasiaoxia
uni1F6D
Omegadasiavaria
uni1F6B
Omegadasiaperispomeni
uni1F6F
Omegaoxia
uni1FFB
Omegavaria
uni1FFA
Omegaperispomeni
uni1FF6
Lowercase character only; case maps to Omega + perispomenicomb
0
ChiRho
uni2627
Duplicate of Chi_Rho
1
ChiRho.1
uni2627.1
Duplicate of Chi_Rho.1
2
ChiRho.2
uni2627.2
Duplicate of Chi_Rho.2
3
ChiRho.3
uni2627.3
Duplicate of Chi_Rho.3
0
ouggia
u10184
Gamma with small internal omicron
1
ouggia.1
u10184.1
Gamma with internal pellet
0
kai
uni03D7
0
A
A
As Alpha.
1
A.1
A.1
Looped, open at top.
[1:78]
2
A.2
A.2
Broken crossbar. As Alpha.1.
[1:2.3]
[1:18.83]
3
A.3
A.3
As Alpha.2.
4
A.4
A.4
As Alpha.3.
5
A.5
A.5
Lazy A: triangle with point down, stem on x-height extends right.
[2.2:486, pl. xxx no. 155.3]
6
A.6
A.6
Stepanova, as U.1
0
B
B
Familiar. As Beta.
1
B.1
B.1
Cursive.
[3:33]
0
C
C
As Sigma.
[1:78]
1
C.1
C.1
As Sigma.1.
2
C.2
C.2
As Sigma.2.
3
C.3
C.3
As Sigma.3.
4
C.4
C.4
Stepanova, narrow open C.
0
D
D
Familiar.
Athena duplicated this character at U+008A, a control character
1
D.1
D.1
Cursive. Like ccw spiral.
[1:78]
[1:8.1]
2
D.2
D.2
Cursive. Like d.
3
D.3
D.3
As D, reversed.
[1:47 no. 23.2]
[p. 5]
4
D.4
D.4
Cursive, top stem horizontal.
[1:266]
[2.1:104]
5
D.5
D.5
As D.4, reversed.
[2.1:104]
6
D.6
D.6
J shaped.
[2.1:104]
7
D.7
D.7
As Rho.
[2.1:104]
8
D.8
D.8
As D.1, reversed.
[3.1:185]
9
D.9
D.9
Looks like a modern J tilted left.
[3.1:185]
0
E
E
Round, midbar medium length. As Epsilon.
[1:2.3]
1
E.1
E.1
Familiar. As Epsilon.3.
[3:37]
2
E.2
E.2
As Epsilon.2.
[2.1:104]
3
E.3
E.3
As Epsilon.4.
[2.1:211 no. 7]
4
E.4
E.4
Reversed form of E.1.
0
F
F
Familiar.
1
F.1
F.1
As C.2.
[3.1:186]
2
F.2
F.2
As F, upside down.
[3.1:186]
[3.1:368]
Examples at pl. xxi.
3
F.3
F.3
Stepanova, as U.2
0
G
G
Open loop, with short vertical tail.
[3.1:186]
[2.1:244 no. 1a]
1
G.1
G.1
Shaped like sickle on an angle.
[3.1:186]
2
G.2
G.2
Spiral.
3
G.3
G.3
As Sigma.
[2.1:202 no. 124a]
4
G.4
G.4
As Sigma.1.
[2.1:172 no. 44]
5
G.5
G.5
As G, but with horizontal cap.
6
G.6
G.6
As S.
[3.1:186]
7
G.7
G.7
Shaped like D.6.
[3.1:186]
8
G.8
G.8
Like T, but with stem bowing to right.
[2.1:104]
9
G.9
G.9
Looks like J.
[2.1:104]
0
H
H
As Eta.
1
H.1
H.1
Cursive, like h.
[1:78]
2
H.2
H.2
As H.1, reversed.
0
I
I
Familiar. As Iota.
[1:8.1]
1
I.1
I.1
With upper and lower horizontal bars.
[1:14]
J
J
Anachronistically added, so the full set of Latin letters are supported.
0
K
K
Familiar. As Gk kappa.
1
K.1
K.1
With four horizontal caps on each leg.
[1:13]
0
L
L
Familiar.
[1:2.3]
1
L.1
L.1
As Lambda.3.
[2.1:211]
2
L.2
L.2
As L, reversed.
[2.1:194 no. 106.41]
3
L.3
L.3
As L, but base drops to right.
[2.1:104]
0
M
M
Familiar. As Mu.
[3.1:186]
1
M.1
M.1
As upside down Omega.
[1:2.3]
2
M.2
M.2
Cursive.
[3.1:186]
3
M.3
M.3
As M.2, with flourish atop left leg.
4
M.4
M.4
As M.2, but left and right legs connect to form a single
arch.
[3.1:186]
5
M.5
M.5
As M, but with five horizontal caps.
[1:15]
6
M.6
M.6
Inner two legs straight, extend to baseline, and intersect near the
bottom.
[2.1, pl. 22]
7
M.7
M.7
As M.3, reversed.
[pp. 134–35 no. 56]
0
N
N
Familiar. As Nu.
[1:18.83]
1
N.1
N.1
Cursive, as H.1.
[3:33]
2
N.2
N.2
Cursive, as left half of M.3.
[3.1:186]
3
N.3
N.3
As U.2.
[2.2:687 no. 4.2]
4
N.4
N.4
As Nu.1
[2.1:329 no. 181a.3]
N.5
N.5
Stepanova, as Nu.4
0
O
O
Familiar. As Omicron.
[1:2.3]
[1:18.83]
1
O.1
O.1
As D.
[3.1:186]
0
P
P
Familiar. As Rho.
[1:2.3]
1
P.1
P.1
As Rho.2.
[1:48 no. 29a.1]
Q
Q
Familiar.
0
R
R
As Beta.1.
[1:78]
1
R.1
R.1
Cursive; stem and arc meet below x-height.
2
R.2
R.2
Cursive; arc begins at top of stem.
3
R.3
R.3
As Gamma.
[3:32]
4
R.4
R.4
As R, reversed
[2.1:331 no. 184a.3]
5
R.5
R.5
As Omicron_Upsilon.2, upside down.
[1:330 no. 119.1]
[2.1:105]
0
S
S
Familiar. Like S.
[1:8.1]
1
S.1
S.1
Cursive.
[3:32]
2
S.2
S.2
As S, reversed.
[1:45 no. 21b.5]
3
S.3
S.3
As S, lazy.
[1:176]
0
T
T
As Tau.
[3:37]
1
T.1
T.1
Stem hooks to right.
[1:78]
2
T.2
T.2
As T.1, reversed.
[1:283 no. 41]
3
T.3
T.3
Cursive form; looks like a 2 turned 180 degrees.
[3.1: pl. 29 nos. 7.1, 7.2]
4
T.4
T.4
As T.3, reversed.
[2.2:575-584 + pls. 37-38]
0
U
U
Familiar.
1
U.1
U.1
Cursive, with flourish at bottom right.
[3:32]
[1:8.1]
2
U.2
U.2
Cursive, short loop.
[3.1:186]
3
U.3
U.3
As U.2, reversed.
4
U.4
U.4
As Upsilon.
0
V
V
As Upsilon.
[1:121n]
1
V.1
V.1
As U.3.
[1:266]
2
V.2
V.2
As V.1, reversed.
W
W
Anachronistically added, so the full set of Latin letters are supported.
X
X
As Chi.
Y
Y
Familiar.
0
Z
Z
As Zeta.
1
Z.1
Z.1
As Zeta.1.
A_U
A_U
A.3 and U.4.
[1:119 no. 138b.1]
A_E
A_E
AE in ligature
[42]
Always parse as ligature, or also as Æ character?
0
H_R
H_R
Abbr. for Heraclius.
[2.1:110, table 2, no. b left]
[2.1:331 no. 184]
1
H_R.1
H_R.1
As H_R, but with crossbar.
[2.1:110, table 2, no. e left]
[p. 14]
H_R_C
H_R_C
As H_R no. 2, but with hook on left arm of crossbar.
[2.1:110, table 2, no. a left]
[p. 15]
L_I
L_I
With small I inset on L.
[2.1.104]
JH addition
0
RomanCD
RomanCD
Similar to infinity sign
[303]
1
RomanCD.1
RomanCD.1
As RomanCD, rotated.
[303]
0
indiction
uni1018D
Crossbar curls upwards to right.
[30]
[2:40.22]
Future Unicode codepoint U+1018D
1
indiction.2
uniE51B
Crossbar curls downwards to right.
[22]
[44]
Future Unicode codepoint U+1018D
0
abbreviation1
uni2E09
Ancient punctuation, indicating omitted letters. Shaped like s.
1
abbreviation1.1
uni2E09.1
Like a comma, midheight.
2
abbreviation1.2
uni2E09.2
Vertical squiggle.
[52]
[88]
[115]
[2:81]
3
abbreviation1.3
uni2E09.3
As uni2E09, set between x-height and ascender line.
[1:5.6]
4
abbreviation1.4
uni2E09.4
As uni2E09, at baseline.
abbreviation2
uni2E0A
As uni2E09.2, reversed.
abbreviation3
uni02CA
Like acutecomb.
[10]
[42]
abbreviation4
uni02CB
Like gravecomb.
[42]
0
abbreviation5
uni00B7
Pellet.
1
abbreviation5.1
uni00B7.1
Diamond-shaped pellet.
0
abbreviation6
uni002F
Large slash, climbing to right.
[3:37]
[1:4.5]
1
abbreviation6.1
uni002F.1
[Theod 1244]
Curved
abbreviation7
uni2E44
Combination of comma and uni02CA.
[2:8.44]
[2:40.11]
Possible Unicode proposal
abbreviation8
uni02C1
Like backwards, tilted question mark without dot. As
G.1.
[2.1:39]
[2.1:44]
abbreviation9
uni02D9
Pellet centered above letter.
[1:150 #247.1]
[1:359 #252]
[3.1:188]
Sits between letters. Very rarely used.
0
abbreviation10
uni2E23
[2:22.5]
[2:42.4]
[2:54.1]
Connects to combining overline
1
abbreviation10.1
uni2E23.1
Wavy variant
Connects to combining overline
abbreviation11
uniE40B
[Theod 792]
abbreviationcomb1
uni0337
Oblique stroke cutting previous letter. Combining character.
[5]
[6]
[33]
Combining, especially with Κ, Ρ, Φ, Μ.
dotbelowcomb
uni0323
Modern editorial character, to mark an illegible letter. Combines with previous
character.
0
0
overlinecomb
uni0305
Overbar. Ancient editorial mark set above previous letter(s) to mark suspension
of letters.
[83]
[110]
[131]
[145]
overlinecomb.left
uni0305.left
overlinecomb.right
uni0305.right
overlinecomb.connect
overlinecomb.connect
0
overlinecomb.curve
overlinecomb.curve
1
overlinecomb.wave
uni0305.wave
Curved form.
[146]
[3:52]
overlinecomb.wave2wide
uni0305.wave2wide
overlinecomb.wave3wide
uni0305.wave3wide
overlinecomb.wave4wide
uni0305.wave4wide
2
overlinecomb.waverev
uni0305.waverev
As uni0305.wave, reversed.
[4.1:224 no. 22.2]
overlinecomb.waverev2wide
uni0305.waverev2wide
overlinecomb.waverev3wide
uni0305.waverev3wide
overlinecomb.waverev4wide
uni0305.waverev4wide
colon
colon
As modern colon. Ancient editorial mark, to indicate break between metrical
lines on a seal. Also appears on coins for other purposes.
[1:1.14]
[1:127 no. 171b.3]
anoteleia
uni0387
Ancient editorial mark.
0
numeralGreek
uni0374
Like acute accent, but does not combine with other characters.
1
numeralGreek.overline
uni0374.overline
uni0305.
[58]
numeralGreeksub
uni0375
bracketleft
bracketleft
Modern editorial character, to mark missing or restored text.
brackright
brackright
Modern editorial character, to mark missing or restored text.
period
period
Modern editorial character, to mark end of a sentence.
comma
comma
Modern editorial character, to mark end of a clause.
Consolidated with abbreviation 12 in 2011 prospectus.
bar
bar
Modern editorial character, to mark the end of a line.
ZWNJ
un200C
ZWJ
uni200D
BASE
uni25CC
Dotted circle: combining mark generic base.
R1Mh
uniE700
1-ray array
As hyphen.
Could be combined with 2-pellet array uniE724.
R1Mhw
uniE701
1-ray array
Wider variant.
R1Lh
uniE702
1-ray array
Set near baseline.
R1Lh1w
uniE703
1-ray array
Wider variant.
R1Hh
uniE704
1-ray array
Set near cap height.
R1Hhw
uniE705
1-ray array
Wider variant.
R1Mv
uniE706
1-ray array
Set vertically.
Perhaps to use as base for pendilia?
R1Mvw
uniE707
1-ray array
Wider variant.
R1Mdr
uniE708
1-ray array
Set diagonally to top right.
Could be combined with 2-pellet array uniE728.
R1Mdl
uniE709
1-ray array
Set diagonally to bottom right.
Could be combined with 2-pellet array uniE729.
R2Mc
uniE70A
2-ray array
Small cross.
R2Mcb
uniE70B
2-ray array
Large cross.
Could be combined with 4-pellet array uniE736.
R2Mx
uniE70C
2-ray array
x shaped.
Could be combined with 4-pellet array uniE734.
R2Mxb
uniE70D
2-ray array
x shaped.
Could be combined with 4-pellet array uniE736.
R3M2h1v
uniE70E
3-ray array
Like 2-ray array uniE70B with short crossbar bisecting top
arm.
R3M1h2v
uniE70F
3-ray array
One horizontal ray trisected by two short vertical rays.
To create combined form of costume element?
R3Mvo
uniE710
3-ray array
Set in octagonal array (no ray assigned to horizontal “axis”)
Could be combined with 6-pellet array uniE73C to form pelleted star.
R3Mho
uniE711
3-ray array
As uniE710, but no ray assigned to vertical
“axis.”
Could be combined with 6-pellet array uniE73D to form pelleted star. Perhaps design
to combine with Rho, as in DOC 1:66?
R3Mvx
uniE712
3-ray array
Set in hexagonal array, one “axis” set vertically.
[26]
[48]
[59]
[144]
[81]
Could be combined with 6-pellet array uniE73E to form pelleted star.
R3Mhx
uniE713
3-ray array
One “axis” set horizontally.
Could be combined with 6-pellet array uniE73F to form pelleted star.
R3Mh
uniE714
3-ray array
Three stacked horizontal rays.
R3Mhw
uniE715
3-ray array
Wider variant.
R4Ms
uniE716
4-ray array
Small 8-rayed star.
[167 (1st)]
R4Msw
uniE717
4-ray array
Large 8-rayed star.
R4M2h2v
uniE718
4-ray array
Tic-tac-toe shape.
To create combined form of costume element?
R4M2h2v1w
uniE719
4-ray array
Wider variant.
R4Mx
uniE71A
4-ray array
Small rays set windmill fashion, unconnected.
To put in costume elements.
R4Mxw
uniE71B
4-ray array
As uniE71A, but large rays.
To combine with 4- and 5-pellet arrays.
R4Mh
uniE71C
4-ray array
Two pairs of closely placed horizontal rays, framing a central
element.
[3.2:604]
Should accommodate 1-, 2-, and 3-pellet arrays.
R4Mh1w
uniE71D
4-ray array
Wider variant.
R5M
uniE71E
5-ray array
Five-pointed star.
To be combined with 5-pellet array uniE739.
P1M
uniE71F
1-pellet array
Single midpoint.
[13]
[52]
[60]
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+2024, but decided against
it.
P1L
uniE720
1-pellet array
Set near baseline.
P1LL
uniE721
1-pellet array
Set below baseline.
P1H
uniE722
1-pellet array
Set above x-height.
Should be able to combine with Gk rho to have pellet inside loop.
P1HH
uniE723
1-pellet array
Set above cap height.
P2Mh
uniE724
2-pellet array
Two pellets just below x-height, near each other, set
horizontally.
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+2025, but decided against
it.
P2Mv
uniE725
2-pellet array
Set vertically.
Could be designed to combine with epsilon, per DOC 1:24
P2Mhw
uniE726
2-pellet array
Set horizontally, spaced apart.
P2Mvw
uniE727
2-pellet array
Set vertically, spaced apart.
Could be designed to combine with chi, per DOC 1:91.
P2Mdr
uniE728
2-pellet array
Set diagonally to top right.
P2Mdl
uniE729
2-pellet array
Set diagonally to bottom right.
P2Lh
uniE72A
2-pellet array
Set near baseline.
Could be designed to combine with chi-rho, per DOC 1:46.
P3Mh
uniE72B
3-pellet array
Set horizontally.
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+2026, but decided against
it.
P3Mv
uniE72C
3-pellet array
Set vertically.
P3Mtu
uniE72D
3-pellet array
Three pellets set in shape of equilateral triangle, pointing up.
[1:358 no. 247]
Perhaps set combining form for new pendilia.
P3Mtd
uniE72E
3-pellet array
Equilateral triangle pointing down.
Perhaps set combining form for new pendilia.
P3Mtr
uniE72F
3-pellet array
Equilateral triangle pointing right.
[119]
[142]
[148]
Perhaps set combining form for new pendilia.
P3Mtl
uniE730
3-pellet array
Equilateral triangle pointing left.
[142]
[148]
[1:70.1]
Perhaps set combining form for new pendilia.
P3Lh
uniE731
3-pellet array
Set near baseline.
P4Mh
uniE732
4-pellet array
Set horizontally.
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+2058, but decided against
it.
P4Mv
uniE733
4-pellet array
Set vertically.
P4Ms
uniE734
4-pellet array
Small square arrangement.
P4Msw
uniE735
4-pellet array
Large square arrangement.
Should be same size as 5-pellet array, below.
P4Md
uniE736
4-pellet array
Large diamond arrangement.
[52]
[61]
[16]
Should be same size as 5-pellet array, below. Pellets should be same thickness as
other pellets in this section.
P5Mx
uniE737
5-pellet array
Quincunx.
[64]
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+2059, but decided against it. See
large 4-pellet array. Ideal for making imperial costume elements.
P5Mc
uniE738
5-pellet array
In cross arrangement.
P5Mp
uniE739
5-pellet array
Pentagonal arrangement, with one “axis” vertical.
[3.2:546]
P6Mh33
uniE73A
6-pellet array
3 across by 2 down.
Ideal for combining to make imperial costume elements. We considered encoding this
class of symbols in a newly proposed Unicode slot, but decided against it. Comments on
other pellet arrays.
P6Mv33
uniE73B
6-pellet array
2 across by 3 down.
P6Mvo
uniE73C
6-pellet array
Set in octagonal array (no pellets assigned to horizontal “axis”)
Ideal for combining with rays to make pelleted stars.
P6Mho
uniE73D
6-pellet array
No pellets assigned to vertical “axis.”
Ideal for combining with rays to make pelleted stars.
P6Mvx
uniE73E
6-pellet array
Set in hexagonal array, one “axis” set vertically.
Ideal for combining with rays to make pelleted stars.
P6Mhx
uniE73F
6-pellet array
Hexagonal array, one “axis” set horizontally.
Ideal for combining with rays to make pelleted stars.
P7M
uniE740
7-pellet array
As 6-pellet array uniE73E, but with center
pellet.
We considered encoding this class of symbols in a newly proposed Unicode slot, but
decided against it. Cf. comments on other pellet arrays.
P7Mb
uniE741
7-pellet array
As uniE740, but with center pellet larger than the
others.
Center pellet should be larger than the other six.
P8Ms
uniE742
8-pellet array
Set in hollow square formation.
Ideal for combining with edges of labarums? We considered encoding this class of
symbols in a newly proposed Unicode slot, but decided against it. Cf. comments on other
pellet arrays.
P8Mo
uniE743
8-pellet array
Set in octagonal array.
Ideal for combining with rays to make pelleted star.
P9M
uniE744
9-pellet array
Set in 3 x 3 array, similar to uniE742.
[3.2:796]
Ideal for using with imperial costume elements. We considered encoding this class
of symbols in a newly proposed Unicode slot, but decided against it. Cf. comments on
other pellet arrays.
B1M
uniE745
9-pellet array
Set near x-height.
Should match the center pellet in the 7-pellet array uniE741.
B1L
uniE746
medium circle
Near baseline.
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+2022, but decided against
it.
B1Mo
uniE747
medium circle
As uniE745, but hollow
[5.2: no. 1155]
Should be able to combine with a single pellet to form (.
B2Mv
uniE748
2 medium circles
Set vertically.
B1Mb
uniE749
3 medium circles
Set near x-height.
B1Lb
uniE74A
large circle
Set near baseline.
[123]
Could be used as the base of a globus cruciger or as part of costume
element.
B1Mbo
uniE74B
large circle
As uniE749, but hollow.
Could be combined with triangular 3-pellet arrays.
S1M
uniE74C
small square
Ideal for combining with 4-pellet rays for variants with square centers.
S1L
uniE74D
small square
S1Mm
uniE74E
medium square
Ideal for combining with 2-ray array
S1Lm
uniE74F
medium square
[123]
Prob. should be set on baseline
S1Mmo
uniE750
medium square
Hollow.
S1Lb
uniE751
large square
As large circle uniE74A.
S1Lbp
uniE752
large square
As uniE751, but pinched sides.
[184]
“Waisted square,” used with shaft or alone.
Enclosingcircle
uniE753
large square
Enclosingsquare
uniE754
large square
Enclosingclippedright
uniE755
large square
Enclosingclippedleft
uniE756
large square
VineLeft
uniE800
tendril
Two leaves, stem on right.
[5:22.3]
[5:42.18]
[5:42.19]
[5:42.35]
As drawn, it looks like a bird in flight. Character should show clearly that
vegetation is being depicted.
VineRight
uniE801
tendril
As uniE800, reversed.
Leaf3Left
uniE802
tendril
Three leaves, stem on right.
[31]
Leaf3Right
uniE803
tendril
As uniE802, reversed.
[31]
CrossEqual
uniE804
cross
Mid-point, arms of equal length.
[6]
[15]
[27]
[45]
[76]
[110]
[131]
CrossEqualHeavy
uniE805
cross
As uniE804, thicker arms.
Cross
uniE807
cross
Bottom arm elongated.
CrossNonChristian
uniE808
cross
De-Christianized cross.
[p. 33]
CrossSceptre
uniE809
cross
Scepter cross
CrossSceptrePatriarchal
uniE80A
cross
Scepter surmounted by patriarchal cross.
CrossDouble
uniE80B
cross
Double-barred cross. Signum.
[5.1:138]
GlobusCruciger
uniE80C
globus cruciger
Standard.
GlobusCrucigerDouble
uniE80D
globus cruciger
As uniE80C, with second crossbar.
GlobusCruciger4Pellet
uniE80E
globus cruciger
With four-pellet cross.
[pl. 8, 6]
GlobusCruciger5Pellet
uniE80F
globus cruciger
With five-pellet cross
[pl. 8, 8–9]
MoonFirst
uniE810
first quarter moon
Hollow, waxing moon.
MoonLast
uniE811
last quarter moon
As first quarter moon, mirrored.
MoonLazy
uniE812
lazy quarter moon
As first quarter moon, but lying on side.
[4.2:571]
MoonPellet
uniE813
border decoration
Thin moon on side, with pellet in middle.
MoonStar
uniE814
border decoration
As uniE813, but 6-ray star instead of pellet in middle.
WavePellet
uniE815
border decoration
Three-wave decoration with interspersed pellets. Set mid-height.
[p. 134 no. 58]
[3.2:645]
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+263D, but decided against
it.
MoonBar
uniE816
border decoration
Lazy C over bar.
[pp. 132–33 nos. 46–55]
We considered encoding this class of symbols as U+263E, but decided against
it.
Wave
uniE817
border decoration
Lazy S.
[pp. 128–29 nos. 27–28]
Should be set x-height, no bf.
NimbusPellet
uniE818
nimbus
Left half of nimbus. Large C, with two pairs of horizontal lines (one at top,
one at bottom); in the center is a single pellet.
Nimbus5Pellet
uniE819
nimbus
Left half of nimbus. Large C, with two pairs of horizontal lines (one at top,
one at bottom); in the center is a 5-pellet array.
Pendilium1
uniE81A
pendilium
One pellet dangling from vertical stem.
[table vi]
Pendilium2V
uniE81B
pendilium
Two pellets vertically arranged dangling from vertical stem.
[table vi]
Pendilium2L
uniE81C
pendilium
Two pellets arranged diagonally dangling from left of vertical
stem.
[95]
Pendilium2R
uniE81D
pendilium
As uniE81C, but on right.
[95]
Pendilium3V
uniE81E
pendilium
Three pellets vertically arranged dangling from vertical stem.
[table vi]
Pendilium3D
uniE81F
pendilium
Three pellets in triangular formation dangling from vertical stem, two dots
over one.
[167]
Pendilium3U
uniE820
pendilium
Triangle points up.
Pendilium3L
uniE821
pendilium
Three pellets in triangular formation dangling from vertical stem, pointing
left.
[table vi]
Pendilium3R
uniE822
pendilium
Triangle points right.
[table vi]
Pendilium3H
uniE823
pendilium
Three pellets on baseline dangling from branched vertical stem.
[table vi]
S1Mbo
uniE757
medium square
Hollow medium square
D1Mbo
uniE758
medium diamond
Hollow medium diamond
28
Alpha.28
Alpha.28
See the three forms listed at the end of the entry for alpha. The middle one is already in AR. Add the first.
[3.1:186]
[3.2:660]
29
Alpha.29
Alpha.29
See the three forms listed at the end of the entry for alpha. The middle one is already in AR. Add the last.
[3.1:186]
14
Delta.14
Delta.14
[1958.106.1182]
04
Zeta.4
Zeta.4
bind AR Latin T.1 to a zeta
[2.1:105]
12
Xi.12
Xi.12
%-looking xi. Same function as DOC 5.2:1104–8.
[4.1:235]
7
Omicron_Alpha.7
Omicron_Alpha.7
As U+E1D5 but alpha with broken crossbar
[69 Eastmond ivory 5]
Delta_Alpha_Delta
Delta_Alpha_Delta
[1951.31.5.1706]
2
Pi_Rho.2
Pi_Rho.2
[1947.2.1893]
Pi_Tau
Pi_Tau
[1958.106.5477]
Tau_Eta_Nu
Tau_Eta_Nu
[1955.1.4913]
Chi_Tau
Chi_Tau
[1958.106.1436]
1
kai.1
uni03D7.1
In addition, all AR glyphs tethered to one of these points U+03CF, U+03D7 needs to be tether with the other as well
[69 Eastmond ivory 1, center panel line 4]
7
A.7
A.7
encode AR lambda as Latin A
[1:180 #334]
10
D.10
D.10
add form 1
[2.1:104, “D”, line2]
11
D.11
D.11
add form 2
[2.1:104, “D”, line2]
4
F.4
F.4
design as in AR Gk sigma 3–looking F, but mapped to Latin letter F
[3.1:419]
backslash
backslash
As / (U+002f), but raised and going from top left to bottom right
[DOP 69 Eastmond ivory 5, bottom left of left panel]
dotteddbloverline
uni035E
[3.2:711, 716–18]
0
nomisma
u1018E
1
nomisma.1
u1018E.1
2
nomisma.2
u1018E.2
3
nomisma.3
u1018E.3
4
nomisma.4
u1018E.4
5
nomisma.5
u1018E.5
DBLS
Oikonomides, N. A Collection of Dated Byzantine Lead Seals. Washington, DC,
1986.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/000517870/catalog
BLS
Oikonomides, N. Byzantine Lead Seals. Washington, DC, 1985.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/001237540/catalog
SBS
Studies in Byzantine Sigillography
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/007919753/catalog
Zacos-Veglery
Zacos, G., and A. Veglery. Byzantine Lead Seals. Vol. 1. Basel,
1972.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/000306016/catalog
Zacos, Seals 2
Zacos, G. Byzantine Lead Seals. Vol. 2. Bern, 1984.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/000306016/catalog
DOC
Bellinger, A. R., P. Grierson, and M. F. Hendy. Catalogue of the Byzantine
Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection
Washington, DC, 1966–99.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/002679546/catalog
ABC
Foss, C. Arab-Byzantine Coins. Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection
publications 12. Washington, DC, 2008.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/011823374/catalog
CBS
Nesbitt, J., and N. Oikonomides. Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks
and in the Fogg Museum of Art. Washington, DC, 1991–.
http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/002365147/catalog
Morrisson, "L’Epigraphie"
Morrisson, C. "L'épigraphie des monnaies et des sceaux à l'époque byzantine." In
Paleografia e codicologia greca: atti del II colloquio internazionale;
(Berlino-Wolfenbüttel, 17-21 ottobre 1983). Edited by H. Dieter & P.
Giancarlo, 251-274. Alessandria, 1991.
urn:uuid:c25e296c-7236-4062-8ecb-703d0dd7c52e
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